System for remotely constructing underground structures

ABSTRACT

A system for remotely constructing underground structures such as tanks or chambers from composite materials such as cement involves a plurality of valves, plugs and associated piping adapted to flow a composite slurry underground between the walls of a double walled flexible container while also flowing supporting fluids into areas inside and outside the double walled container, then afterwards cementing the area outside the container and displacing the supporting fluid from the underground area, said valves being located underground and operable from the surface by means of flowing plugs down the piping from the surface and manipulating the piping string from the surface.

' United States Patent [191 Manson, Jr. et al.

[ 1 SYSTEM FOR REMOTELY CONSTRUCTING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES [75] Inventors: Charles D. Manson, Jr.; Eugene E.

Baker, both of Duncan, Okla.

[73] Assignee: Holliburton Company, Duncan,

Okla.

[22] Filed: July 17, 1 972 [21] Appl. No.: 272,538

[52] U.S. Cl 137/1, 61/.5, 137/608 [51] Int. Cl. B55g 5/00 ['58] Field of Search... 61/536, .5; 137/798, 625.68,

[56 References Cited I UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,737,245 3/1956 Knox 166/224 X 2,990,851 2/1961 Jackson, Jr. et a1. 137/798 X 3,010,479 11/1961 Foley l37/596.15

3,111,371 ll/l963 Dec. 10, 1974 Currier 61/.5 X 3,429,341 2/1969 Sochting.... 137/625.68 3,533,430 lO/l970 Fredd 166/224 X 3,606,927 9/1971 True et al. 166/224 X 3,609,978 10/1971 Michie et a1 6l/53.6 X

Primary Examiner-Henry T. Klinksiek Attorney, Agent, or FirmJohn l-l. Tregoning [5 7 ABSTRACT A system for remotely constructing underground structures such as tanks or chambers from composite materials such as cement involves a plurality of valves,

plugs and associated piping adapted to flow a composite slurry underground between the walls of a double walled flexible container while also flowing supporting fluidsinto areas inside and outside the double walled container, then afterwards cementing the area outside flowing plugs down the piping from the surface and manipulating the piping string from the surface.

37 Claims, 25 Drawing Figures Pmmmi w j 3.853.137

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In nuclear testing, radioactive waste disposal, and storage of petroleum products and/or other liquid or gaseous materials it is often desirable or even imperative that such testing or storage be accomplished in underground facilities such as tanks or manmade chambers.

Because of the nature of nuclear materials and other stored products, the integrity of these underground chambers must be irreproachable, in other words, it is imperative that they be absolutely fluidtight and capable of undergoing extremely high pressures from within and without and must be capable of containing the tremendous impact forces of nuclear explosions.

The prior art methods of constructing such chambers to such rigid specifications are obviously and of necessity complex and very expensive. These include excavating the opening by conventional mining methods and having workers enter the cavity and construct structural forms to receive concrete slurries poured into the walls of the chamber.

. This is expensive in terms of mining equipment, manhours and cost of structural materials; and, in addition,

' is extremely dangerous to the workers involved. Also,

which destroy the integrity of the underground chamber. Y

A proposed method of efficiently and inexpensively constructing such underground structures without the necessity of building underground structural forms or drilling into impervious formations is that process described in US. Pat. No. 3,609,978, in which a double walled flexible container is lowered on a cementing string into an earth cavity, which cavity was selectively predrilledin the desired location; then injecting cement and heavy supporting fluid into the flexible container which expands into the cavity area and when hardened forms the integral walls of the airtight chamber.

In accordance with the use of such a flexible container which is easily ruptured and must be carefully and cautiouslytilled with cement, filling the'inner and outer areas around the container first with supporting fluid to prevent the weight of cement from rupturing the container, and then flowing cement into the container, a valve system must be used which is selectively operable from the surface to flow the supporting fluids into the inner and outer areas while maintaining equal pressure in those two areas and which can then be directed from the surface to flow cement into the container wall section at a delicately measured rate to prevent rupturing the container by excessive flow rates.

In addition to being able to perform this primary cementing operation, the valve system must also be capable of performing a secondary cementing stage between the previously cemented container wall and the surrounding earth formation to structurallybrace the chamber wall against the geologic formation .at all points.

In accordance with these needs, the present invention provides a unique valving and fluid circuit system which efficiently and effectively accomplishes the necessary functions of cementing the above described flexible container into place in the underground cavity,

said valving system being totally operable from the surthe system and by manipulations of the cementing string of pipe. The valve system communicates with the area between the container walls, the area inside the chamber, and the area between the chamber and the geologic formation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the system with the outer casing partially cutaway to expose the valving arrangement.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1, taken at line 2-2 looking upward.

FIG. 3 is a top sectional view of the apparatus taken at line 3-3 looking downward in the casing.

FIG. 4 is a partial side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1, taken at view 4-4.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the structure shown by circle 5-5 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a cutaway elevational view of the second stage fluid control valve.

FIG. 7 is a cutaway side view of the first stage fluid .control valve.

view of the pressure FIG. 12 is a cutaway view of the control valve intermediate sleeve.

FIG. 12a is an end view of the intermediate sleeve of FIG. 12.

FIG. 13 is a cutaway view of the .I-slot coupling of the second stage fluid control valve assembly.

FIG. 13a is a view of the entire .l-slot groove of FIG. 13.

FIGS. 14 through 19 illustrate schematically the mode of operation of the valve system of this invention.

FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic of the invention located in place underground.

FIGS. 21 and 22 disclose the two types of plug members used in this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring first to FIG. 20, the apparatus consists of I the valve assembly 1 located at the lower end of a cecavity 8. Cavity 8 consists of an upper bore hole 9, an

, enlarged area 10, and'a lower bore hole 11. 4

The underground cavity 8 can be drilled efficiently and economically using known drilling techniques for the bore holes 9 and 11 and underreamers to form the enlarged area 10.

' The flexible container 12 is designed of some water impermeable material such as neoprene coated polyester fibers and consists of inner and outer bags 13 and 14 respectively with inner bag 13 located concentrically within bag 14 and arranged on the exterior of casing 2 to form an open area between them of consistent width. Bag 14 is also connected to the exterior of casing 2 and held along with bag 13 in a generally vertical orientation along the casing until cementing is to begin. The casing 2 may be held centrally in the bore holes 9 and 11 by flexible bow centralizers 15 and 16 respectively, attached to the outer surface of casing 2 and contacting the bore hole walls.

The double bag configuration divides the underground cavity outside of the casing 2 into three distinct and fluidly separated areas, the inner chamber C between inner bag 13 and casing 2, the wall chamber B between inner bag 13 and outer bag 14, and the outer chamber A between the outer bag 14 and the wall of cavity area 10.

In FIG. 1 the valve system 1 of this invention is depicted assembled within the outer casing 2. The system comprises, beginning atthe upper end, the second .stage fluid control valve assembly 3, to which is connected fluid conduits 31 and 32. Conduit 32 is located at the lower end of valve assembly 3 and conduit 31 is attached to a fluid connection 33 in the side of valve assembly 3.

Conduit 31 passes through an ell 37 which is connected to conduit 34. Conduit 34 passes through a standard float collar 35, through ell 36 and through the casing to exhaust into chamber area A outside the casing Located below and connected to conduit 32 is the first stage fluid control valve 4 having fluid connections 41, 42 and 43. Connection 41 is fluidly connected through conduit 44, standard float collar b and ells 45 to the opening equalization valve 5. Connection 42 is fluidly connected through conduit 46 and ells 47 through casing 2 to chamber areaC (see FIG. 5). Connection 43 is fluidly connected through conduit 48,

standard float collar 40a, and ells 49, through the casing 2 and into chamber area A.

The opening equilization valve 5 has four fluid connections 50, 51, 52, and 53. Connection 50 is fluidly connected by the previously described conduit 44and ells 45 to the first stage fluid control valve 4. Connection 51 fluidly communicates through conduits 54a and 54b, passing through casing 2, to chamber area C. Connection 52 communicates through conduit 55, wye 56 and into the two connections 60 and 61 of pressure control valve 6 (see FIG. 4). Connection 53 fluidly and communicates with chamber area B through ells 65 and conduit 66.

Closing equalization valve 7 is fluidly connected to valves 5 and 6 as previously described and also communicates with chamber area A through casing 2 via outlet connection 171 and conduit 172.

In FIG. 2, a bottom view of the upper portion of the valve and piping structure is shown taken at line 2-2 in FIG. 1 looking upward into the casing along its longitudinal axis. This view more clearly depicts the relationship of all the fluid connections from valves 3 and 4 and also illustrates the configuration of the fluid conduit passing from valve 5 through casing wall 2. Conduit 54 comprises a vertical conduit 54a and a lateral conduit 54b with the vertical conduit tying into the center of the horizontal conduit which communicates at each end through the casing.

FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of a portion of the valve assembly and piping structure looking down the casing 2 along the longitudinal axis from a line at 33. This figure more clearly illustrates the relationship between valves 5 and 6 and their related conduits.

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1 taken at degrees from the view of FIG. 1 and showing the section enclosed by line 44. This figure more clearly illustrates the relationship between valves 5 and 6 and easing 2.

FIG. 5 is a partial side view of the piping structure taken at a 90-degree orientation from FIG. 1 and encompassing only the piping indicated by the line 55 in FIG. 1. This 'shows conduit line 46 communicating valve 4 with chamber area C.

Detailed Valve Structure FIG. 6 illustrates the uppermost valve in the system, the second stage fluid control valve 3. This valve consists primarily of a stab-in sleeve 18, slidably located within the upper end of intermediate sleeve 19. Stab-in sleeve 18 and intermediate sleeve 19 are both slidably located within mandrel housing 20 and entry sleeve 21, which are threadedly connected at 22. Also threadedly connected to entry sleeve 21 is a funnel-shaped guide collar 23.

Outlet collar 33 is fixedly attached to the exterior of mandrel housing 20 and is located directly over port 24, which passes through the wall of housing 20. Intermediate sleeve 19 is slidably located within housing 20 and temporarily attached thereto by frangible means such as shear pins 25. Sleeve 19 also has a port 26 through the wall capable of lining up with port 24 of housing 20 when sleeve 19 is in the upper position after shearing of pins 25 has been accomplished. When port 26 lines up with port 24 fluid communication is provided from the central bore 27 of valve 3 through sleeve 19, and housing 20, and outlet connection 33.

Adapter 28 is a cylindrical threaded hub for threading internally into the lower end of housing20 and threaded at the opposite end for connection to conduit 32 to communicate with the next lower valve in the assembly. Retaining ring 29 is located in an external annular groove 30 in sleeve 19.. Housing 20 has a sloped wall internal annular groove 38 adapted to receive a portion of friction ring 29 and thereby prevent premature movement of sleeve 19 within housing 20.

Steel pin 39 also passes through housing 20 and fits into vertical groove 67 located in the external surface of sleeve 19. Pin 39 extends into groove 67 toabutthe tion with FIGS. 11 through 13a,

, 19' within housing 20 while allowing vertical reciprocation of the sleeve within the housing. This insures that when shear pin is sheared and sleeve 19 lifted upward, port 26 will be aligned with port 24 and outlet 33.

Housing 20 and intermediate sleeve 19 have J-slot and window arrangements respectively at their upper ends for receiving pilot lug 69 projecting outward from stab-in sleeve 18, which lug engages in the J-slot of housing 20 and the window of sleeve 19 and allows the valve assembly to be opened and closed by movements of stab-in sleeve 18 by manipulation from the surface via pipe string passing from the surface through the casing and attached to threaded end 70 of sleeve 18. The J-slot and window arrangements of sleeve 19 and housing 20, as well as the upper end configuration of stab-in sleeve 18, are more particularly described in conjuncmore fully described hereafter. r

Seal rings 71a are located between housing 20 and sleeve 19 and seal rings 17b are between sleeve 19 and sleeve 18 to prevent fluid communication therebetween.

Guide collar 23 is a funnel shape frustoconical collar fixedly attached to the upper end of entry sleeve 21 and is'arranged to receive stab-in sleeve 18 after the valve assembly 1 has been emplaced in the bore hole and underground cavity. 1 FIG. 7 illustrates the components and assembly of the first stage fluid control valve assembly 4. Valve 4 consists of a cylindrical outer housing 72 in which is slidably located an upper sleeve 73, a lower sleeve 74 and a bottom plug 75. Upper sleeve 73 is releasably attached to housing 72 by frangible means such as shear pins 88.

Cylindrical outer housing 72 also has ports 76, 77, and 78 passing through the wall. At each port is an internallythreaded outlet connection 41, 42, and 43, re-

ing sleeve 82 is slidably located within lower sleeve 74 to the interior bore 89 of the valve assembly by aligning it with port 90 of lower sleeve 74. Rotation of lower and attached thereto by frangible means such as shear pin 83.

' Lower sleeve 74 has holes 84 passing through its wall in which are located locking balls 85. The locking balls 85 project outwardly past the outer surface of lower sleeve 74 and into recessed groove 86 located in housing 72. This arrangement prevents premature movement of lower sleeve 74 in housing 72 by abutment of locking balls 85 with the walls of recess 86. Releasing sleeve 82 has relief holes 87 drilled therethrough to allow locking balls 85 to fall .inward and release lower sleeve 74 from housing 72 when holes 87 line up-with recesses 84. Thus, forces accidentally applied to upper sleeve 73 or lower sleeve 74 cannot cause premature movement of lower sleeve 74 downward because of locking balls 85 abutting groove 86. The only means of moving lower sleeve 74 is to apply sufficient force to the releasing sleeve 82 to shear pin 83 and move ports 87 over recesses 84 and release locking balls 85. Applying force to the upper sleeve or lower sleeve does not result in any force being applied to the releasing sleeve.

There are three stages of operation of valve assembly 4 in which fluid flow from the valve will be switched from outlet 43 to outlet 42 and then to outlet 41. In the initial state of valve 4, port 78 in housing 72 is opened sleeve 74 within housing 72 is prevented by means of threaded rod 91 passing through a threaded opening in housing 72 and projecting into a vertical groove 92 located in the surface of lower sleeve 74. This maintains angular alignment of port 90 with port 78 due to the width of groove 92 being only slightly larger than that of threaded rod 91 and thereby allowing only negligible rotational movement of the sleeve 74 within the housmg. The second state of flow through valve 4 is accomplished by dropping a plug member (see FIGS. 14-19) through bore 89, which plug is small enough to traverse bore 89 but not small enough to pass through the releasing sleeve 82. The plug member is long enough to seat on sleeve 82 and still seal off bore 89 above ports 90 and 78. The plug is designed to provide a fluid seal only across bore 89 above port 90 and the seating arrangement in sleeve 82 is such that fluid can by-pass the plug from below the sleeve and exit through port 90, thereby preventing an hydraulic lock between the releasing sleeve 82 and the bottom cap After seating has occurred in sleeve 82, fluid pressure is applied'to the pipe string and a resultant force occurs on the plug member thereby shearing pin 83 and allowing sleeve 82 to slide downward until recesses 84 line up with relief ports 87 and locking balls fall inward releasing sleeve 74 from housing 72. At its lowermost point oftravel sleeve 82 will abut shoulder 93 of sleeve 74 and further pressure on the plug member will cause sleeve 74 to move downward until port is no longer over port 78 thereby closing port 78. Downward movement of sleeve 74 simultaneously aligns port 94 in that sleeve with port 77 in housing 72 and allows fluid communication from bore 89 through outlet 42. This is the second state of fluid flow through this valve.

The third state is accomplished by pumping a second plug member (see FIGS. 14-19) through the pipe, which member is large enough to seal in sleeve 73. Increased fluid pressure on the second plug member will shear pins 88 and force sleeve 73 downward until the upper end of the sleeve and the plug member pass port 76 thereby exposing it to flow inside the pipe string. The plug member effectively seals off the passage 89 through sleeve 73 below port 76, and seals 96 prevent flow around the outside of the sleeve.

Downward movement of lower sleeve 74 is stopped by abutment with bottom cap 75 at shoulders 97. Downward movement of the upper sleeve occurs until it abuts with the lower sleeve.

In FIG. 8 the opening equalization valve 5 is illustrated in cross section in which a housing 98 contains a piston member 99 slidably located therein. Housing 98 has three port openings therethrough, 100, 101 and 102, through which fluid can flow from the central bore 103 out through connections 51, 52 and 53, respectively.

Housing 98 also has a solid plug member 104 threadedly engaged in the right end and open end coupling 105 threadedly engaged in the left end.

Open end coupling 105 is adapted to receive conduit 50 in threaded engagement. Piston 99 consists of a solid end 106 and cylindrical tubular end 107. End 107 has port 108 passing through it capable of aligning with port 102 of housing 98. Alignment of piston 99 in housing 98 is maintained by threaded steel rod 109 passing 7 through housing 98. and seating in longitudinal groove 110 in an'i'clentical manner as was accomplished in the previously described valves 3 and 4.

Fluid leakage between piston 99 and housing 98 is prevented by circular seals 111 located in annular grooves 112 between the piston and the housing.

Lock ring 113 passes circumferentially about the right end of piston 99 and is located in annular groove 114 out in tubular end 107 of piston 99. It is compressed into groove 114 by abutmentwith housing 98. Housing 98 has an annular groove 115 arranged to receive lock ring 113 as piston 99 nears the end of its travel to the right. When piston 99 moves to the right and aligns port 108 withport 102 it simultaneously opens port 101 to allow flow through coupling 105 from conduit flow is permitted through ports 102,

- 108 and and lock ring 113 engages in groove 115 locking piston 99 in the far right, open position.

Opening of piston 99 depends upon fluid pressure acting upon face 116 of piston 99, which pressure provides sufficient force to shear frangible shear means 117. This is a frangible shear pin passing through housing 98 and into piston 99 temporarily holding the piston in the far left, closed position.

FIG. 9 illustrates valve 6, the pressure control valve assembly which has a piston 118 slidably located in a cylindrical housing 119 and temporarily held attached thereto by shear pins 120. Located in the left and right ends of housing 119 are end plates 121 and 122 respectively which are fixedly located in housing 119 by threads and/or welds, and which have central threaded openings 123 and 124 respectively communicating the inner bore 125 of housing 119 with conduit leading to chamber areas A and B.

Housing 1 19 also has ports 126, 127 and 128 through the wall providing fluid' communication from inside housing 119 to conduits passing to various areas in the valve assembly 1. Ports 126, 127 and 128 communicate through outlet connections 60, 61 and 62 respectively.

recess 132.

Lock ring 138 located near the left end of piston 118 in groove v in the piston is compressed into the groove and held thereby abutment with housing 119. At some point in the future when piston 118 moves to the left, lock ring 138 will partially expand into recessed area 136 preventing movement of the piston back to the right. Circular seals 137 prevent fluid leakage'or pressure loss between piston 118 and housing In its initial flow state, valve 6 is in the condition pictured in FIG. 9. Passage 130 is blocked off as are ports 126 and 128. Passage 131 is opened and provides fluid communication between outlet 61 and, opening 124. Fluid is also allowed to communicate with cupped area 132.

When the fluid in passage 131 reaches a certain predetermined level the .-pressure buildup in area 132, which acts as a differential pressure area across the piston cross-section, causes pins 120 to be sheared and piston 118 to move to the left until it abuts end plate 121 and lock ring 138 locks into recess 136. This closes port 127 and fluidly connects ports 126 and 128 through the diametral bore passage 130.

FIG. 10 illustrates the lowcrrnost'valve in valve assembly 1, the closing equalization valve 7. This valve has an outer housing 140 which is cylindrical in shape and has a longitudinally slidable piston 141 located therein. Located in each end of housing 140 and fixedly attached thereto are end plates 142 and 143. End plate 143 is solid and serves as a plug while plate 142 has a slip joint opening 144 centrally located therethrough.

Piston 141 is a cylindrical member having a solid left end 151 and hollow cylindrical right end 145. Cylindrical end 145 has a port 146 through the wall thereof.

Housing 140 contains ports 148 and 149 through the wall, around which ports are located outlet connections 170 and 171, respectively fixedly attached to the housing 140;

Piston 141 is in its initial position when in the far left position near end plate 142. It is held in this location by shear pins 150 passing through the housing 140 and into the piston 141.

In the initial piston position, port 146 of the piston is aligned with port 149 of the housing thereby providing fluid communication from connection 171 through the hollow piston end 145, and bore 147 to outlet connection 170.

Pressurized fluid is delivered through opening 144 to face 151 of piston 141 and, when reaching a predetermined pressure, provides sufficient force to shear pins 150 and move piston 141 to the right toward end 143. Lock ring 152 located in groove 153 engages recess 154 in housing 140 and prevents movement of piston 141 completely back to the left. Upon moving to the right, piston 141 stops fluid flow between ports 148 and 149 and allows fluid flow from opening 144 through port'149, thereby closing off port 148 to further flow.

Further pressure through connection 170 in excess of that in opening 144 cannot move the piston back to the left because lock ring 152 engages the shoulder of recess 154 and stops further movement. At this point there will be no flow through the valve because all ports are blocked. If the fluid pressure in opening 144 becomes enough greater than that in bore 147, a piston 141 will be pushed back to the right, again exposing port 149 to opening 144.

Circular seals 155 serve to prevent fluid leakage between the walls of the piston 141 and housing 140. The seals 155 may be located in grooves in the piston and- /or in grooves in the housing. 1

Referring now to FIG. 11, the stab-in feature of the second stage fluid control valve 3 of FIG. 6 is more clearly illustrated and hereinafter described. FIG. 11 illustrates a cross sectional side view of the entry sleeve 21 having 'a beveled cylindrical end 156 which tapers .to a point 157. A radial slot 158 is cut through the wall near the base of the tapered tip 156. FIG. llashows an end view looking longitudinally down the axis of the entry sleeve.

FIG. 6 illustrates the stab-in sleeve 18 already in place in the valve but this emplacement does not occur until after the valve assembly 1 has been stationed in the bore hole. Thus, it is imperative that the lug 69 of the stab-in sleeve be in the proper position after the stab-in sleeve has been inserted in the valve down hole. This is accomplished by the tapered end of entry sleeve 21. When the lug 69 of the stab-in sleeve enters the entry sleeve, it will contact the surface of tapered end and be rotated around to engage the slot 158 by the wedging action of the sloping sides of beveled tapered end 156. To insure that lug 69 does not land squarely upon point 157 and hang up there, the stab-in sleeve may be rotated very slightly when entering the entry sleeve to prevent this possibility.

FIG. 12 illustrates the intermediate sleeve 19 of valve 3 and more clearly shows the milled window in the intermediate sleeve. This consists of a slot opening 160 and a generally rectangular-shaped window opening 161 milled completely through one wall of the sleeve 19. Slot 160 is an extension of mill window 161 extending to the upper end of sleeve 19, and aligned with slot 158 of entry sleeve 21. Thus lug 69, as it is channeled into slot 158, also enters slot 160 of sleeve 19 and moves down into the mill window 161.

FIG. '13 shows the J-slot arrangement at the upper end of mandrel housing 20 which is slidably located around intermediate sleeve 19 and fixedly attached to and located inside of entry sleeve 21.

The .I-slot consists of a channel milled through the wall of mandrel 20 beginning at the J-slot entry channel configuration. Alignment of sleeve 19 with housing 20 is maintained by threaded rod 39 projecting into groove 67 of sleeve 19. This maintains alignment of channel 163 and slots 160 and 158 and allows lug 69 to enter all three openings. Alignment of entry sleeve 21 with mandrel 20 is maintained by fixedly attaching one to the other so that no rotation can occur. This assures alignment between J-slot channel 163 and slot 158.

The operation of valve 3 can now be clearly defined using the above described FIG. 6, and FIGS. 11 through 1311. When the valve assembly is lowered into the bore hole inside casing 2, stab in sleeve 18 is not a part of valve 3. After the valve assembly and casing are in place a cementing string having stab-in sleeve 18 threadedly attached to the bottom end thereof is lowered into the casing and into collar 23 until lug 69 engages entry sleeve beveled tip 156 and moves downward finally entering slot 158, J-slot 163 and slot opening 160. The lug travels downward until it reaches low point 164 in the J-slot whereupon downward motion will cease. It should be noted that mill window 161 is large enough so that lug 69 may move between J-slot points 163, 164, 165 and 166 without touching the edges of mill window 161 or interfering with it in any way. This allows the cementing string to be picked up while rotating counterclockwise which moves lug 69 into J-slot point 165 and indicates to the operator that the stab-in sleeve is engaged properly in valve 3 and the pumping of fluids downward through valve 3 and into the lowervalves in valve assembly 1 may commence.

Engagement of lug 69 in point 165 of the J-slot also allows the operator to pick up on the cementing string and maintain tension on the string during cementing which is a desirable operating condition.

When it is desired to begin second stage cementing through port 24 of valve 3 this is accomplished by setting down on the string while rotating counterclockwise, then picking up on the string and moving lug 69, from point 166 towards point 167. Before lug 69 reaches point 167 it engagesthe upper edge of mill window 161 and pulls intermediate sleeve 19 upward with it, shearing pins 25 and aligning port 26 with port 24, thereby fluidly communicating the internal bore of the cementing string with outlet 33.

FIG. 21 illustrates the typical configuration of plug members 168, 169, and 173. In FIG. 21 the typical plug member 168 comprises a partially hollow body 176 having diametral passage 177 and axial passage 178. Fixedly attached to the body 176 is the bulb assembly comprising an elastomeric element 179 bonded to a connector 180, which connector is fixedly attached, such as by threads, to body 176.

In FIG. 22 the plug member 174 is illustrated which consists of a rod-like body 181 having bulb assemblies fixedly attached at each end, said assemblies consisting of elastomeric elements 182 bonded to threaded connectors 183.

Details Of Operation Looking now at FIGS. 14 through 20, the method of sequentially operating the valves of valve system 1' to obtain the desired underground cementing operation is described and illustrated.

FIG. 14 illustrates the first step-of pumping heavy fluid, having a specific gravity near that of the cement slurry, into chamber area A to provide support for the double wall flexible container 12. This is accomplished by pumping down the cementing string 17, through valve 3 which in its initial position is opened at the bottom to conduit 32.

The heavy fluid then flows through conduit 32 and into valve 4 where it passes out open ports 91) and 78 of valve 4 and through conduit 48, casing 2, and into chamber area A. 7

Referring now to FlG. 15, after a predetermined q nti y of a y fl is Pump ntQ' ch mb A a plug member 168 is pumped through the cementing string to seat in the first stage fluid control valve as previously described in conjunction with that valve. The valve is operated by applying fluid pressure to the plug member 168 through the cementing string 17. This closes port 78 and associated outlet 43 and opens port 77 which communicates with'outlet 42 and conduit 46 through casing 2 to chamber area C for the placement of heavy fluid therein to provide inner support of flexible container 12 from within the inner bag.

FIG. 16 illustrates the method of performing the first stage of cementing into the area between the inner and outer flexible bags 13 and 14. In this Figure a second plug member 169, large enough to seal in sleeve 73. of valve 4, is pumped into the cementing string behind the heavy fluid and ahead of a predetermined quantity of cement. When plug member 169 lands on plug member 168 it seals off the bore of sleeve 73, and pressure is applied sufficient to shear the pins holding the sleeve in position, whereupon it moves downward closing port 77 and exposing port 76 to the flow of cement. Cement then flows out of port 76 through conduit 44, float collar check valve 40b, and into the left end of valve as shown in FIG. 8. From there the cement flows out through connection 52, conduit 55, wye 56 and into valve 6. Since in its initial position, valve 6 allows flow only through port 127, the predetermined quantity of 5 cement will flow through bore passage 131, conduit 66 and into chamber areaB. This completes the prima cementing stage in chamber B.

The fluid pressure of the cement slurry forces piston 99 of valve 5 to the right exposing port 101 and outlet 52 to cement flow. Movement of the piston also aligns port 108 with port 102 and allows fluid communication between outlets 51 and 53. This provides fluid communication between chamber areas A and C via valve 7 which in its initial position allows open flow between chambers A and C. Thus, during the primary cementing stage in wall chamber B, fluid pressure in chamber C is equalized with that in chamber A to facilitate the cementing operation, protect the flexible container from rupturing, and maintain proper placement of the walls in the underground structure.

After cementing of wall chamber B is completed, a precalculated fluid pressure will then be applied to the cement-filled bag chamber B and, when the pressure attains a certain predetermined amount above the normal hydrostatic pressure in the bag, this applied pressure in conjunction with the normal hydrostatic pressure of the cement slurry, acting across the differential pressure area of piston 118, shears pins 120 and moves piston 118 to the left. This movement closes port 127 and flow passage 131 and opens port 126 to flow passage 130 and port 128. Piston 118 will then be in a locked position at the left end of housing 119 through the action of lock ring 138 engaging in groove 136, and excess cement remaining in the valve system will be diverted out of the housing and into chamber A where it will settle to the bottom of the bore hole.

The diverting of excess cement through passage 130 of valve 6 is accomplished through conduit 63, valve 7, and conduit 172. The application of pressure to piston 141 of valve 7 through opening 144, which occurs when piston 118 of valve 6 diverts cement flow to conduit 63, results in shearing of pins 150 and movement of piston 141 to the far right position, thereby closing the pressure equalization line from chamber C to chamber A by closing port 148. Piston 141 will be advanced far enough to the right to expose port 149 to flow from opening 144 and allow the excess cement to be exhausted out conduit 172 to chamber A. A third plug member 173 is placed in the cementing string at the end of the first stage cement slurry and followed by a predetermined amount of displacing fluid which is pumped under pressure to force the remainder of the first stage cement and plug 173 down into the valve assembly .l, whereupon plug 173 will seat atop plug 169,

as shown in FIG. 18, thereby sealing off the bore passage therethrough and blocking the flow to valve 5.-

After a sufficient period of time has elapsed and cement in chamber B allowed to harden, the cement for I the second stage can then be flowed out of valve 3 p can be flowed through valve 3 and into chamber A filling in the void between the newly formed wall in chamber B and the cavity wall in the underground formation. The second stage cement slurry ispumped down the cementing string, displacing the heavy fluid previously pumped down behind plug 170. A final plug 174 can then be pumped down the string behind the predetermined quantity of second stage cement slurry, which final plug will seat in valve 3, blocking port 24 and completing construction of the desired underground chamber. Then, all that remains is pumping out the remaining fluids inside the newly formed chamber and removing the cementing string and, if desirable, the valve assembly.

From the above description can be seen the obvious advantages of constructing underground structures by the use of this apparatus. It is very easy to utilize, re quiring only a drilled underground cavity, a flexible double walled container and a dependable system of valves which are totally operated from the surface through the use of plugs, pressure differentials, and pipe string manipulations. Labor cost is minimal as is danger to the operating personnel in the area.

Although a specific preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in the detailed description above, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms or embodiments disclosed herein, since they are to be recognized as illustrative rather than restrictive and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention is not so limited. For example, it is contemplated that the apparatus of this invention could be used for constructing cellars and bomb shelters. It would also be obvious to substitute different types of individual valvesand/or pipe for those valves and piping disclosed herein. Thus, the invention is declared to cover all changes and modifications of the specific example of the invention herein disclosed for purposes of illustration, which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A fluid control system for selectively flowing one or morefluids into an area having three distinct and separate zones, comprising: first delivery means for selectively delivering a heavy fluid to a first, lower zone; second delivery means for selectively delivering a second flow of heavy fluid to a second, upper zone, said second delivery means being fluidly connected to said .first delivery means; composite-slurry flow means for selectively delivering a first source of composite slurry -to a third, intermediate zone; first valve means for preferentially switching heavy-fluid flow from said first, lower zone to said second, upper zone; composite delivery means for preferentially switching from heavyfluid flow into said first and second zones to composite slurry flow into said intermediate zone; equalizing means for maintaining equal pressure between said first and said second zones during said composite-slurry flow; second valve means for stopping said compositev slurry flow and for diverting excess composite-slurry flow to' said first lower zone; third valve means for flowing composite slurry to said first zone to displace the heavy fluid therein; and, means for closing said third valve means after flowing the desired amount of said composite slurry. r

2. The fluid control system of claiml further comprising an outer housing encompassing said system.

3. The fluid control system of claim 2 wherein said means for delivering a heavy fluid to a first, lower zone comprises a cementing string, a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing string, said fluid control valve having an exit port selectively openable and closable, and fluid conduit passing from said exit port through said system outer housing to said lower zone.

4. The fluid control system of claim 2 wherein said second delivery means and said first valve means comprise a cementing string, a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing string; said first stage fluid control valve having an outlet port; conduit connecting said outlet port with said upper zone through said outer housing; and, means for inactivating said first deliverymeans and uncovering said outlet port.

5. The fluid control system of claim 4 wherein said inactivating and uncovering means comprises plug means adapted to be pumped into said first stage fluid control valve through said cementing string to seat in said first stage fluid control valve and said inactivating and uncovering means further comprises a sleeved seat in said first stage fluid control valve adapted to be moved downward in response to pressure applied to said plug means seated in said sleeved seat thereby inactivating said first delivery means and uncovering said outlet port.

6. The fluid control system of claim 5nwherein said first valve means further comprises a tubular housing having three ports. through the wall; a tubular upper sleeve slidably located within said housing and capable of covering and uncovering the uppermost of said three ports; a tubular lower sleeve slidably located in said housing below said upper sleeve and having two ports through the wall arranged to be consecutively aligned with the other two of said three ports, with one of said lower sleeve ports being aligned with one of said housing ports while the other of said lower sleeve ports is nonaligned with said third housing port; means for securing said upper and said lower sleeves within said housing, said means being capable of selectively releas-- ing said upper and lower sleeves; and means for maintaining angular alignment of said lower sleeve within said housing.

7. The fluid control system of claim 6 wherein said uppermost port is fluidly connected to said composite slurry flow means; said second port fluidly connected to said second, upper zone; and said third port is fluidly connected to said first, lower zone.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said composite delivery means comprises a cementing string; a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing stn'ng; plug means to be inserted in said cementing string and pumped down into said first stage fluid control valve, said plug means adapted to seat within said fluid control valve so that said valve may be opened and closed as desired by applying fluid pressure to said plug means; and means fluidly connecting said fluid control valve with said intermediate zone.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said equalizing means comprises an opening equalization valve fluidly connected to said upper zone and a closing equalization valve fluidly communicating 'with said opening equalization valve and said lower zone; said opening equalization valve being operable byfluid pressure variations from said composite slurry flow means, and said closing equalization valve being operable by fluid pressure variations received from said second valve means; said opening equalization valve being adapted to open and allow fluid flow between said upper and lower zones and said closing equalization valve being adapted to close and block fluid flow between said upper and lower zones.

10. The fluid control system of claim 9 wherein said opening equalization valve comprises a piston and sleeve valve with said sleeve having four fluid flow openings therein, said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve and operable by fluid pressure from one of said openings acting upon the face of said piston and said piston being movable in response to said fluidpressure to selectively uncover the other three openings in said sleeve to provide an open fluid channel between said upper zone and said lower zone.

11. The fluid control system of claim 10 wherein saidclosing equalization valve comprises a piston and sleeve valve with said sleeve having three fluid flow openings therein and said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve in response to fluid pressure through one of said openings against the face of said piston, said other two openings providing fluid communication between said upper and lower zones in a first position of said piston in said sleeve, said two openings being closed in a second and final position of said piston in said sleeve, said second position occurring in response to said fluid pressure through said first opening.

12. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said second valve means comprises a piston and sleeve valve having a double acting piston with opposed pressure faces and two distinct flow channels therethrough, said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve and selectively operable, in response to fluid pressure actuation, for providing in a first position fluid communication between said composite delivery means to said intermediate chamber, and in a second position providing fluid communication between said composite delivery means and said lower chamber, said firstand second positions selectively covering and uncovering one or more of three ports through the wall of said sleeve of said second valve means.

13. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said third valve means comprises: a tubular outer housing having one port through the wall thereof and a bore passage passing longitudinally and axially therethrough; a tubular entry sleeve fixedly attached to the upper end of said housing in coaxial relationship therewith, said housing having an upper extension passing concentrically within said entry sleeve; an intermediate sleeve slidably located within said housing, said intermediate sleeve having a port through the wall thereof and said sleeve arranged to move between first and second positions within said housing wherein said first position maintains said housing port closed and said second position aligns said sleeve port with said housing port and opens said housing port to fluid flow through the central bore of said intermediate sleeve; a stab-in sleeve adapted to be fixedly attached to a fluid supply line and further adapted to be inserted into said entry sleeve, housing, and intermediate sleeve to provide a fluid channel into said fluid control system; means for maintaining angular alignment of said intermediate sleeve in said housing; frangible means releasably holding said sleeve in its initial position in said housing; means for applying tension to said valve through said stab-in sleeve; and means for moving said intermediate sleeve into said second position thereby aligning said ports.

14. The fluid control system of claim 13 wherein said means for applying tension comprises a .l-slot opening in said upper extension of said housing, a window opening in said intermediate sleeve, and a lug on said stab-in sleeve, said lug passing through said window opening and projecting into said J -slot opening, said J -slot opening: having a first and second upper peak, said first upper peak being lower than the upper edge of said window opening so that said lug can be moved into said first peak for applying tension to said valve without causing said intermediate sleeve to move.

15. The fluid control system of claim 14 wherein said means for moving said intermediate sleeve comprises said lug on said stab-in sleeve and said second upper peak in said J-slot opening, wherein said second upperpeak is sufficiently higher than said upper edge of vsaid window opening in said intermediate sleeve so that upper movement of said lug toward said second upper peak results in engagement of said lug with the top edge of said window opening and further movement of said lug upward results in moving said intermediate sleeve upward shearing said frangible means and aligning said ports.

16. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said means for closing said third valve means comprises a plug member adapted to be inserted in the fluid supply line and pumped into said third valve means thereby effectively blocking off and sealing said valve means.

17. A fluid control valve for providing three distinct flow paths from an inner bore passage therein, said flow paths being remotely actuated separately and selectively, said fluid control valve comprising: a tubular outer housing having a central bore passage therethrough and having three ports through the wall thereof; a tubular lower inner sleeve slidably located within said housing, said lower sleeve having two ports through the wall capable of aligning one at a time, each with one of the lower two ports in said housing; means releasably affixing said lower sleeve to said housing; a tubular upper inner sleeve located above said lower sleeve and positioned slidably within said housing, said upper sleeve covering the uppermost port in said housing in its initial position, and uncovering said uppermost port in its final position; frangible means securing said upper sleeve to said housing; and cap means closing the inner bore passage of said housing at its lowermost end.

18. The fluid control valve of claim 17 further comprising aligning means between said lower sleeve and said housing for preventing angular rotation of said lower sleeve in said housing; and seal means between said housing and said upper and lower sleeves for preventing fluid leakage therebetween.

19. The fluid control valve of claim 18 wherein said means releasably afiixing said lower sleeve to said housing comprises: a hollow releasing collar having ports through the wall thereof; spherical balls located in recesses passing through the wall of said lower sleeve and abutting said releasing sleeve; an inner annular recess in said housing for receiving the outwardly projecting edges of said balls in said lower sleeve recesses; and shear pin means holding said releasing sleeve in said lower sleeve; said ports in said releasing sleeve adapted to allow said balls in said lower sleeve to disengage from said annular recess in said housing and allow said lower sleeve to move downward in said housing upon the movement downward of said releasing sleeve whereby said releasing sleeve portsare aligned with said lower sleeve recesses.

20. The fluid control valve of claim 19 wherein said means releasably affixing said lower sleeve to said housing further comprises: seal means between said releasing sleeve and'said lower sleeve; and plug member means adapted to be dropped down the central bore of said valve to seat and fluidly seal in said releasing collar whereby fluid pressure applied to said bore passage will cause said shear pin means to shear and allow said releasing collar to move downward and release said lower sleeve.

21. A fluid channel diverting valve for diverting a fluid stream from a first channel to a second channel comprising: a hollow outer housing having three outlet ports through the wall thereof; a left end plate fixedly attached in the left end of said housing and having a central axial opening therein communicating with the inner bore of said housing; a right end plate fixedly located in the right end of said housing and having a central axial opening communicating with the inner bore of said housing; and a slidable piston located within said housing, said piston being slidable in response to fluid pressure entering said housing bore from said openings in saidend plates; said piston having a first flow channel capable of fluidly communicating the first of saidhousing ports with the central opening in said right end plate when said piston is in a first position in the right end of said housing; and said piston having a second flow channel therethrough capable of fluidly communicating the second of said housing outlets with the third of said'housing outlets when said piston is in a second position in the left end of said housing.

22. The diverting valve of claim 21 further comprising frangible means connecting said piston to said housing in said first position; and pressure differential areas at each end of said piston; with said left end pressure differential area being exposed .to fluid pressure from said left end plate central opening, and said right end piston differential area being exposed to fluid pressure from said right end plate central opening and from said first housing port.

23. A fluid control valve for receiving a fluid supply line and providing two distinct and selectively operable flow channels comprising: a tubular lower outer housing having an open bore and one port through the wall; a tubular upper outer housing fixedly attached to said lower housing; an intermediate sleeve having an axial bore and a port through the wall; said sleeve slidably positioned within said lower housing; a guide collar attached tothe upper end of said upper housing; and a stab-in sleeve adapted to be inserted inside said intermediate sleeve and upper and lower housings.

24. The fluid control valve of claim 23 further comprising: valve tensioning means; frangible means attaching said intermediate sleeve to said lower. housing; alignment means between said intermediate sleeve and said lower housing; and means for shearing said frangible means and moving said intermediate sleeve insaid lower housing; and wherein said lower housing further comprises a tubular upper extension passing coaxially inside of said upper housing and enclosed by said upper housing.

side thereof; said upper housing has a tapered internal cam surface beginning at the upper end below said col: lar and extending to a slot at the upper end of said enclosed portion of said lower housing; said enclosed portion of said lower housing has a J-slot opening therein, with said J-slot opening communicating by a vertical slot with said upper housing slot and having two lower peaks and two upper peaks, said first upper peak providing said valve tensioning means when engaged with said lug on said stab-in sleeve; and said shearing means comprises a window opening in the upper end of said intermediate sleeve, said opening being partially aligned with said J-slot opening and having an upper slot in alignment with said slot in said upper housing and said slot in said enclosed end of said lower housing, with the upper edge of said window being above said first upper peak and a sufficient distance below said second upper peak in said l-slot opening such that said lug can engage said window upper edge when moving toward said second upper peak, thereby moving said intermediate sleeve upward in response to upward pull on said stab-in sleeve, said upward movement shearing said frangible means and moving said sleeve port into alignment with said housing port.

26. The fluid control valve of claim 25 further comprising means for closing said valve a predetermined time after said valve has been opened by said movement of said stab-in sleeve in said window opening; said closing means comprising plug member means adapted to be inserted into said valve through a fluid supply line communicating with said bore passage through said valve, said plug member means also adapted to seat in said valve and seal said bore passage above said ports, thereby closing said valve.

27. A pressure equalization valve assembly for selectively equalizing pressure between separate and distinct first and second zones in response to pressurized fluid flow into a third separate and distinct zone comprising: an opening equalization valve operable from a closed position to an open position in response to pressurized fluid flowing into said third zone and providing in said open position an open flow channel from said first zone; a closing equalization valve fluidly connected between said opening equalization valve and said second zone and providing, in an initial position of said closing valve, an open flow channel from said opening equalization valve to said second zone, and in a closed position, blocking flow between said opening equalization valve and said second zone; said closing equalization valve being operable in response to fluid pressure from a source other than from said first zone; said closing equalization valve in its closed position further providing fluid communication from said other fluid pressure source to said second zone.

28. The pressure equalization valve assembly of claim 27 wherein said opening equalization valve further comprises a tubular housing having three flow ports therein with a closed end, and having an end with an additional flow opening therein; and a partially hollow piston member located slidably within said housing and having a flow port through the hollow portion thereof communicating with a bore passage within said hollow portion.

29. The pressure equalization valve assembly of claim 28 wherein said closing equalization valve comprises a tubular housing having two outlet ports through the wall thereof, two end plates, one in each end of said housing, with one of said plates having a central opening therethrough; and a piston slidably located within said housing, said piston having an axial flow channel passing partially therethrough and a port opening through the wall of said piston fluidly communicating with said channel; said piston in an initial position allowing fluid to flow through one of said outlet ports, said axial passage, said piston port, and the other of said outlet ports; and said piston in a second position allowing no fluid flow therethrough; said piston being movable in response to fluid flow through said open end plate.

30. A fluid emplacement system comprising: a second stage fluidcontrol valve adapted to receive a fluid supply pipe and having an outlet fluidly connected to a first distinct zone, an open bore passage therethrough, and means for switching fluid flow from said bore passage to said outlet; a firststage fluid control valve having a bore passage therethrough, an outlet connecting said bore passage to a second zone, an out let connecting said bore passage to said first zone, conduit means connecting said first stage valve fluidly with the bore passage of said second stage valve, and a third outlet in said first stage valve bore passage; an opening equalization valve having two equalization flow openings therein, a flow channel therethrough for selectively connecting said flow openings, an activation fluid inlet communicating with said third outlet in said first stage fluid control valve and an activation fluid outlet, with the first of said flow openings being in fluid communication with said second zone and said activation fluid inlet fluidly connected to said first stage fluid control valve; a closing equalization valve having two equalization flow openings therein, a flow channel therethrough for selectively connecting each of said flow openings to the other, and an activation fluid inlet opening, with one of said equalization flow openings fluidly communicating with the second of said opening equalization valve flow openings, and the second of said closing equalization valve flow openings being fluidly connected with said first zone; and a pressure control valve having one pressure activation port and four flow openings therein, with two flow channels therethrough, each said flow channel communicating between two of said flow openings, with a first flow channel communicating between said activation pressure outlet of said opening equalization valve and said activation pressure inlet of said closing equalization valve, and the second of said flow channels communicating with said first stage fluid control valve to a third zone via said activation pressure inlet and outlet of said opening equalization valve, and with said pressure control valve pressure activation port being fluidly connected to said first zone.

31. The fluid emplacement system of claim 30 further comprising means for activating said first stage fluid control valve and means for activating said second stage fluid control valve; wherein said first activating means further comprises annular seats and sliding sleeves in said first stage fluid control valve and plug members adapted to be pumped into said sleeves to land and fluidly seal in said seats so that said sleeves can be moved in response to increased fluid pressure on said plug members; and said second activating means comprises an intermediate valve sleeve slidably 

1. A fluid control system for selectively flowing one or more fluids into an area having three distinct and separate zones, comprising: first delivery means for selectively delivering a heavy fluid to a first, lower zone; second delivery means for selectively delivering a second flow of heavy fluid to a second, upper zone, said second delivery means being fluidly connected to said first delivery means; composite-slurry flow means for selectively delivering a first source of composite slurry to a third, intermediate zone; first valve means for preferentially switching heavy-fluid flow from said first, lower zone to said second, upper zone; composite delivery means for preferentially switching from heavy-fluid flow into said first and second zones to composite slurry flow into said intermediate zone; equalizing means for maintaining equal pressure between said first and said second zones during said composite-slurry flow; second valve means for stopping said composite-slurry flow and for diverting excess composite-slurry flow to said first lower zone; third valve means for flowing composite slurry to said first zone to displace the heavy fluid therein; and, means for closing said third valve means after flowing the desired amount of said composite slurry.
 2. The fluid control system of claim 1 further comprising an outer housing encompassing said system.
 3. The fluid control system of claim 2 wherein said means for delivering a heavy fluid to a first, lower zone comprises a cementing string, a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing string, said fluid control valve having an exit port selectively openable and closable, and fluid conduit passing from said exit port through said system outer housing to said lower zone.
 4. The fluid control system of claim 2 wherein said second delivery means and said first valve means comprise a cementing string, a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing string; said first stage fluid control valve having an outlet port; conduit connecting said outlet port with said upper zone through said outer housing; and, means for inactivating said first delivery means and uncovering said outlet port.
 5. The fluid control system of claim 4 wherein said inactivating and uncovering means comprises plug means adapted to be pumped into said first stage fluid control valve through said cementing string to seat in said first stage fluid control valve and said inactivating and uncovering means further comprises a sleeved seat in said first stage fluid control valve adapted to be moved downward in response to pressure applied to said plug means seated in said sleeved seat thereby inactivating said first delivery means and uncovering said outlet port.
 6. The fluid control system of claim 5 wherein said first valve means further comprises a tubular housing having three ports through the wall; a tubular upper sleeve slidably located within said housing and capable of covering and uncovering the uppermost of said three ports; a tubular lower sleeve slidably located in said housing below said upper sleeve and having two ports through the wall arranged to be consecutively aligned with the other two of said three ports, with one of said lower sleeve ports being aligned with one of said housing ports while the other of said lower sleeve ports is nonaligned with said third housing port; means for securing said upper and said lower sleeves within said housing, said means being capable of selectively releasing said upper and lower sleeves; and means for maintaining angUlar alignment of said lower sleeve within said housing.
 7. The fluid control system of claim 6 wherein said uppermost port is fluidly connected to said composite slurry flow means; said second port fluidly connected to said second, upper zone; and said third port is fluidly connected to said first, lower zone.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said composite delivery means comprises a cementing string; a first stage fluid control valve fluidly connected to said cementing string; plug means to be inserted in said cementing string and pumped down into said first stage fluid control valve, said plug means adapted to seat within said fluid control valve so that said valve may be opened and closed as desired by applying fluid pressure to said plug means; and means fluidly connecting said fluid control valve with said intermediate zone.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said equalizing means comprises an opening equalization valve fluidly connected to said upper zone and a closing equalization valve fluidly communicating with said opening equalization valve and said lower zone; said opening equalization valve being operable by fluid pressure variations from said composite slurry flow means, and said closing equalization valve being operable by fluid pressure variations received from said second valve means; said opening equalization valve being adapted to open and allow fluid flow between said upper and lower zones and said closing equalization valve being adapted to close and block fluid flow between said upper and lower zones.
 10. The fluid control system of claim 9 wherein said opening equalization valve comprises a piston and sleeve valve with said sleeve having four fluid flow openings therein, said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve and operable by fluid pressure from one of said openings acting upon the face of said piston and said piston being movable in response to said fluid pressure to selectively uncover the other three openings in said sleeve to provide an open fluid channel between said upper zone and said lower zone.
 11. The fluid control system of claim 10 wherein said closing equalization valve comprises a piston and sleeve valve with said sleeve having three fluid flow openings therein and said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve in response to fluid pressure through one of said openings against the face of said piston, said other two openings providing fluid communication between said upper and lower zones in a first position of said piston in said sleeve, said two openings being closed in a second and final position of said piston in said sleeve, said second position occurring in response to said fluid pressure through said first opening.
 12. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said second valve means comprises a piston and sleeve valve having a double acting piston with opposed pressure faces and two distinct flow channels therethrough, said piston being slidably movable in said sleeve and selectively operable, in response to fluid pressure actuation, for providing in a first position fluid communication between said composite delivery means to said intermediate chamber, and in a second position providing fluid communication between said composite delivery means and said lower chamber, said first and second positions selectively covering and uncovering one or more of three ports through the wall of said sleeve of said second valve means.
 13. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said third valve means comprises: a tubular outer housing having one port through the wall thereof and a bore passage passing longitudinally and axially therethrough; a tubular entry sleeve fixedly attached to the upper end of said housing in coaxial relationship therewith, said housing having an upper extension passing concentrically within said entry sleeve; an intermediate sleeve slidably located within said housing, said intermediate sleeve having a port through the wall thereof and said sleeve arranged to move between firsT and second positions within said housing wherein said first position maintains said housing port closed and said second position aligns said sleeve port with said housing port and opens said housing port to fluid flow through the central bore of said intermediate sleeve; a stab-in sleeve adapted to be fixedly attached to a fluid supply line and further adapted to be inserted into said entry sleeve, housing, and intermediate sleeve to provide a fluid channel into said fluid control system; means for maintaining angular alignment of said intermediate sleeve in said housing; frangible means releasably holding said sleeve in its initial position in said housing; means for applying tension to said valve through said stab-in sleeve; and means for moving said intermediate sleeve into said second position thereby aligning said ports.
 14. The fluid control system of claim 13 wherein said means for applying tension comprises a J-slot opening in said upper extension of said housing, a window opening in said intermediate sleeve, and a lug on said stab-in sleeve, said lug passing through said window opening and projecting into said J-slot opening, said J-slot opening having a first and second upper peak, said first upper peak being lower than the upper edge of said window opening so that said lug can be moved into said first peak for applying tension to said valve without causing said intermediate sleeve to move.
 15. The fluid control system of claim 14 wherein said means for moving said intermediate sleeve comprises said lug on said stab-in sleeve and said second upper peak in said J-slot opening, wherein said second upper peak is sufficiently higher than said upper edge of said window opening in said intermediate sleeve so that upper movement of said lug toward said second upper peak results in engagement of said lug with the top edge of said window opening and further movement of said lug upward results in moving said intermediate sleeve upward shearing said frangible means and aligning said ports.
 16. The fluid control system of claim 1 wherein said means for closing said third valve means comprises a plug member adapted to be inserted in the fluid supply line and pumped into said third valve means thereby effectively blocking off and sealing said valve means.
 17. A fluid control valve for providing three distinct flow paths from an inner bore passage therein, said flow paths being remotely actuated separately and selectively, said fluid control valve comprising: a tubular outer housing having a central bore passage therethrough and having three ports through the wall thereof; a tubular lower inner sleeve slidably located within said housing, said lower sleeve having two ports through the wall capable of aligning one at a time, each with one of the lower two ports in said housing; means releasably affixing said lower sleeve to said housing; a tubular upper inner sleeve located above said lower sleeve and positioned slidably within said housing, said upper sleeve covering the uppermost port in said housing in its initial position, and uncovering said uppermost port in its final position; frangible means securing said upper sleeve to said housing; and cap means closing the inner bore passage of said housing at its lowermost end.
 18. The fluid control valve of claim 17 further comprising aligning means between said lower sleeve and said housing for preventing angular rotation of said lower sleeve in said housing; and seal means between said housing and said upper and lower sleeves for preventing fluid leakage therebetween.
 19. The fluid control valve of claim 18 wherein said means releasably affixing said lower sleeve to said housing comprises: a hollow releasing collar having ports through the wall thereof; spherical balls located in recesses passing through the wall of said lower sleeve and abutting said releasing sleeve; an inner annular recess in said housing for receiving the outwardly projecting edges of said balls in said lower sleeve recesses; and shear pin Means holding said releasing sleeve in said lower sleeve; said ports in said releasing sleeve adapted to allow said balls in said lower sleeve to disengage from said annular recess in said housing and allow said lower sleeve to move downward in said housing upon the movement downward of said releasing sleeve whereby said releasing sleeve ports are aligned with said lower sleeve recesses.
 20. The fluid control valve of claim 19 wherein said means releasably affixing said lower sleeve to said housing further comprises: seal means between said releasing sleeve and said lower sleeve; and plug member means adapted to be dropped down the central bore of said valve to seat and fluidly seal in said releasing collar whereby fluid pressure applied to said bore passage will cause said shear pin means to shear and allow said releasing collar to move downward and release said lower sleeve.
 21. A fluid channel diverting valve for diverting a fluid stream from a first channel to a second channel comprising: a hollow outer housing having three outlet ports through the wall thereof; a left end plate fixedly attached in the left end of said housing and having a central axial opening therein communicating with the inner bore of said housing; a right end plate fixedly located in the right end of said housing and having a central axial opening communicating with the inner bore of said housing; and a slidable piston located within said housing, said piston being slidable in response to fluid pressure entering said housing bore from said openings in said end plates; said piston having a first flow channel capable of fluidly communicating the first of said housing ports with the central opening in said right end plate when said piston is in a first position in the right end of said housing; and said piston having a second flow channel therethrough capable of fluidly communicating the second of said housing outlets with the third of said housing outlets when said piston is in a second position in the left end of said housing.
 22. The diverting valve of claim 21 further comprising frangible means connecting said piston to said housing in said first position; and pressure differential areas at each end of said piston; with said left end pressure differential area being exposed to fluid pressure from said left end plate central opening, and said right end piston differential area being exposed to fluid pressure from said right end plate central opening and from said first housing port.
 23. A fluid control valve for receiving a fluid supply line and providing two distinct and selectively operable flow channels comprising: a tubular lower outer housing having an open bore and one port through the wall; a tubular upper outer housing fixedly attached to said lower housing; an intermediate sleeve having an axial bore and a port through the wall; said sleeve slidably positioned within said lower housing; a guide collar attached to the upper end of said upper housing; and a stab-in sleeve adapted to be inserted inside said intermediate sleeve and upper and lower housings.
 24. The fluid control valve of claim 23 further comprising: valve tensioning means; frangible means attaching said intermediate sleeve to said lower housing; alignment means between said intermediate sleeve and said lower housing; and means for shearing said frangible means and moving said intermediate sleeve in said lower housing; and wherein said lower housing further comprises a tubular upper extension passing coaxially inside of said upper housing and enclosed by said upper housing.
 25. The fluid control valve of claim 24 wherein said stab-in sleeve has an external lug projecting from the side thereof; said upper housing has a tapered internal cam surface beginning at the upper end below said collar and extending to a slot at the upper end of said enclosed portion of said lower housing; said enclosed portion of said lower housing has a J-slot opening therein, with said J-slot opening communicating by a vertical slot with said upper housing slot and having two lower peaks and two upper peaks, said first upper peak providing said valve tensioning means when engaged with said lug on said stab-in sleeve; and said shearing means comprises a window opening in the upper end of said intermediate sleeve, said opening being partially aligned with said J-slot opening and having an upper slot in alignment with said slot in said upper housing and said slot in said enclosed end of said lower housing, with the upper edge of said window being above said first upper peak and a sufficient distance below said second upper peak in said J-slot opening such that said lug can engage said window upper edge when moving toward said second upper peak, thereby moving said intermediate sleeve upward in response to upward pull on said stab-in sleeve, said upward movement shearing said frangible means and moving said sleeve port into alignment with said housing port.
 26. The fluid control valve of claim 25 further comprising means for closing said valve a predetermined time after said valve has been opened by said movement of said stab-in sleeve in said window opening; said closing means comprising plug member means adapted to be inserted into said valve through a fluid supply line communicating with said bore passage through said valve, said plug member means also adapted to seat in said valve and seal said bore passage above said ports, thereby closing said valve.
 27. A pressure equalization valve assembly for selectively equalizing pressure between separate and distinct first and second zones in response to pressurized fluid flow into a third separate and distinct zone comprising: an opening equalization valve operable from a closed position to an open position in response to pressurized fluid flowing into said third zone and providing in said open position an open flow channel from said first zone; a closing equalization valve fluidly connected between said opening equalization valve and said second zone and providing, in an initial position of said closing valve, an open flow channel from said opening equalization valve to said second zone, and in a closed position, blocking flow between said opening equalization valve and said second zone; said closing equalization valve being operable in response to fluid pressure from a source other than from said first zone; said closing equalization valve in its closed position further providing fluid communication from said other fluid pressure source to said second zone.
 28. The pressure equalization valve assembly of claim 27 wherein said opening equalization valve further comprises a tubular housing having three flow ports therein with a closed end, and having an end with an additional flow opening therein; and a partially hollow piston member located slidably within said housing and having a flow port through the hollow portion thereof communicating with a bore passage within said hollow portion.
 29. The pressure equalization valve assembly of claim 28 wherein said closing equalization valve comprises a tubular housing having two outlet ports through the wall thereof, two end plates, one in each end of said housing, with one of said plates having a central opening therethrough; and a piston slidably located within said housing, said piston having an axial flow channel passing partially therethrough and a port opening through the wall of said piston fluidly communicating with said channel; said piston in an initial position allowing fluid to flow through one of said outlet ports, said axial passage, said piston port, and the other of said outlet ports; and said piston in a second position allowing no fluid flow therethrough; said piston being movable in response to fluid flow through said open end plate.
 30. A fluid emplacement system comprising: a second stage fluid control valve adapted to receive a fluid supply pipe and having an outlet fluidly connected to a first distinct zone, an open bore passage therethrough, and means for switching fluid floW from said bore passage to said outlet; a first stage fluid control valve having a bore passage therethrough, an outlet connecting said bore passage to a second zone, an outlet connecting said bore passage to said first zone, conduit means connecting said first stage valve fluidly with the bore passage of said second stage valve, and a third outlet in said first stage valve bore passage; an opening equalization valve having two equalization flow openings therein, a flow channel therethrough for selectively connecting said flow openings, an activation fluid inlet communicating with said third outlet in said first stage fluid control valve and an activation fluid outlet, with the first of said flow openings being in fluid communication with said second zone and said activation fluid inlet fluidly connected to said first stage fluid control valve; a closing equalization valve having two equalization flow openings therein, a flow channel therethrough for selectively connecting each of said flow openings to the other, and an activation fluid inlet opening, with one of said equalization flow openings fluidly communicating with the second of said opening equalization valve flow openings, and the second of said closing equalization valve flow openings being fluidly connected with said first zone; and a pressure control valve having one pressure activation port and four flow openings therein, with two flow channels therethrough, each said flow channel communicating between two of said flow openings, with a first flow channel communicating between said activation pressure outlet of said opening equalization valve and said activation pressure inlet of said closing equalization valve, and the second of said flow channels communicating with said first stage fluid control valve to a third zone via said activation pressure inlet and outlet of said opening equalization valve, and with said pressure control valve pressure activation port being fluidly connected to said first zone.
 31. The fluid emplacement system of claim 30 further comprising means for activating said first stage fluid control valve and means for activating said second stage fluid control valve; wherein said first activating means further comprises annular seats and sliding sleeves in said first stage fluid control valve and plug members adapted to be pumped into said sleeves to land and fluidly seal in said seats so that said sleeves can be moved in response to increased fluid pressure on said plug members; and said second activating means comprises an intermediate valve sleeve slidably positioned in said second stage fluid control valve, and lug means on an inner sleeve, said inner sleeve arranged to be manipulated remotely to engage said lug with said intermediate sleeve to move said intermediate sleeve upward thereby opening said second stage fluid control valve, and said second activating means further comprises plug member means to be pumped into said second stage fluid control valve to fluidly seal off the bore thereof.
 32. The fluid emplacement system of claim 30 further comprising first activating means for activating said opening equalization valve and second activating means for activating said closing equalization valve; wherein said first activating means comprises a first piston slidably located in said opening equalization valve, said piston arranged to respond to fluid pressure increase through said activation inlet in said valve to expose said flow channel to said flow ports, said piston containing said flow channel; and said second activating means comprises a second piston slidably located in said closing equalization valve, said second piston containing said flow channel therethrough, said second piston arranged to respond to fluid pressure through said activation inlet in said closing equalization valve to close said flow channel in said valve to fluid flow through said valve flow ports.
 33. The fluid emplacement system of claim 30 further comprising means for activating said pressure control Valve wherein said activating means further comprises piston means slidably positioned in said pressure control valve and arranged in a first position to allow flow through said second flow channel, and in a second position to allow flow through said first flow channel; said flow channels passing through said piston, and said piston adapted to operate in response to fluid pressure entering said pressure control valve pressure activation port; said piston having opposed differential pressure faces.
 34. A method of flowing one or more different types of fluids to three separate and distinct zones, said method comprising: flowing a first fluid through first and second valves and out said second valve into a first zone; activating said second valve; diverting said flowing fluid from said first zone to a second zone; further activating said second valve; pumping a second fluid flow into a third zone; simultaneously communicating said first zone with said second zone through third and fourth valves to equalize fluid pressure therebetween; closing said equalization pressure flow; diverting the excess of said second fluid flow through a fifth valve to said first zone; closing said second valve; opening said first valve; flowing said second fluid to said first zone; and, closing said first valve.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein said second valve activating steps comprise pumping plug member means into said second valve and increasing fluid pressure on said valves until activation occurs.
 36. The method of claim 34 wherein said step of communicating said first zone with said second zone comprises activating said third valve by applying fluid pressure thereto, flowing fluid through said third and fourth valves between said first and second zones.
 37. The method of claim 36 wherein said step of closing said equalization pressure flow comprises activating said fourth valve into a closed position by applying pressure thereto. 